HAWC

The HAWC Collaboration

HAWC is an international collaboration between more than thirty institutions in Mexico, the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia.

Spokesperson (US):	Ke Fang
Spokesperson (Mexico):	Maria Magdalena González Sanchez
Science Coordinator:	Hugo Ayala Solares
Multi-wavelength/multi-messenger Coordinator:	Hugo Ayala Solares

Institutions in Mexico

1. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP)
2. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)
3. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE)
4. Centro de Investigacion en Computacion, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CIC-IPN)
5. Universidad de Guadalajara
6. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
7. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
8. Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IA-UNAM)
9. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICN-UNAM)
10. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IF-UNAM)
11. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IGeof-UNAM)
12. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH)
13. Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca

Institutions in the United States

14. California University of Pennsylvania
15. George Mason University
16. Georgia Institute of Technology
17. Los Alamos National Laboratory
18. Michigan State University
19. Michigan Technological University
20. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
21. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
22. Pennsylvania State University
23. Stanford University
24. University of California, Irvine
25. University of Maryland
26. University of New Hampshire
27. University of New Mexico
28. University of Rochester
29. University of Utah
30. University of Wisconsin-Madison

Institutions in Europe

31. Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
32. IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
33. National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Padova Division, Italy
34. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany

Institutions in South America

35. São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Brazil

Institutions in Asia

36. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
37. University of Seoul, South Korea
38. Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

List of Authors

Anushka Udara Abeysekara²⁹, Andrea Albert¹⁷, Ruben Alfaro¹⁰, César Alvarez⁶, Juan D. Álvarez¹², Jose Roberto Angeles Camacho¹⁰, Juan C. Arteaga-Velázquez¹², Kollam P. Arunbabu¹¹, Daniel Avila Rojas¹⁰, Hugo Alberto Ayala Solares²², Rishi Babu¹⁹, Vardan Baghmanyan³², Ahron S. Barber²⁹, Josefa Becerra Gonzalez^20,25, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno¹⁰, Segev Y. BenZvi²⁸, David Berley²⁵, Chad Brisbois²⁵, Karen S. Caballero-Mora⁶, Tomas Capistrán³, Alberto Carramiñana³, Sabrina Casanova^32,34, Oscar Chaparro-Amaro⁴, Umberto Cotti¹², Jorge Cotzomi¹, Sara Coutiño de León³, Eduardo De la Fuente⁵, Cederik de León¹², Lorenzo Diaz-Cruz¹, Raquel Diaz Hernandez³, Juan C. Díaz-Vélez^5,30, Brenda L. Dingus¹⁷, Mora Durocher¹⁷, Michael A. DuVernois³⁰, Robert W. Ellsworth²⁵, Kristi Engel²⁵, Catalina Espinoza¹⁰, Kwok Lung Fan²⁵, Ke Fang³⁰, Mateo Fernández Alonso²², Brian Fick¹⁹, Henrike Fleischhack¹⁹, Jorge L. Flores⁵, Nissim I. Fraija⁸, Diego Garcia¹⁰, José A. García-González¹⁰, José L. García-Luna⁵, Guillemo García-Torales⁵, Fernando Garfias⁸, Gwenael Giacinti³⁴, Hazal Goksu³⁴, Maria M. González⁸, Jordan A. Goodman²⁵, J. Patrick Harding¹⁷, Sergio Hernandez¹⁰, Ian Herzog¹⁹, Jim Hinton³⁴, Binita Hona²⁹, Dezhi Huang¹⁹, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla⁶, Chiumun Michelle Hui²¹, Brian Humensky²⁵, Petra Hüntemeyer¹⁹, Arturo Iriarte⁸, Armelle Jardin-Blicq³⁴, Hannah Jhee³⁷, Vikas Joshi³¹, David Kieda²⁹, Gerd J. Kunde¹⁷, Samridha Kunwar³⁴, Alejandro Lara¹¹, Jason Lee³⁷, William H. Lee⁸, Dirk Lennarz¹⁶, Hermes León Vargas¹⁰, James T. Linnemann¹⁸, Anna L. Longinotti³, Rubén López-Coto³³, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya¹³, Joe Lundeen¹⁸, Kelly Malone¹⁷, Vincent Marandon³⁴, Oscar Martinez¹, Israel Martinez-Castellanos²⁵, Jesús Martínez-Castro⁴, Humberto Martínez-Huerta³⁵, John A. J. Matthews²⁷, Julie McEnery²⁰, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli⁷, Jorge A. Morales-Soto¹², Eduardo Moreno¹, Miguel Mostafá²², Amid Nayerhoda³², Lukas Nellen⁹, Michael Newbold²⁹, Mehr U. Nisa¹⁸, Roberto Noriega-Papaqui⁷, Laura Olivera-Nieto³⁴, Nicola Omodei²³, Alison Peisker¹⁸, Yunior Pérez Araujo⁸, Eucario G. Pérez-Pérez¹³, Chang Dong Rho³⁷, Colas Rivière²⁵, Daniel Rosa-González³, Matthew Rosenberg²², Edna Ruiz-Velasco³⁴, James Ryan²⁶, Humberto Salazar¹, Francisco Salesa Greus³², Andres Sandoval¹⁰, Michael Schneider²⁵, Harm Schoorlemmer³⁴, José Serna-Franco¹⁰, Gus Sinnis¹⁷, Andrew J. Smith²⁵, R. Wayne Springer²⁹, Pooja Surajbali³⁴, Ignacio Taboada¹⁶, Meghan Tanner²², Kirsten Tollefson¹⁸, Ibrahim Torres³, Ramiro Torres-Escobedo⁵, Rhiannon Turner¹⁹, Fernando Ureña-Mena³, Luis Villaseñor¹, Xiaojie Wang¹⁹, Ian J. Watson³⁷, Thomas Weisgarber³⁰, Felix Werner³⁴, Elijah Willox²⁵, S. Yun-Cárcamo²⁵, Josh Wood²¹, Gaurang B. Yodh²⁴, Arnulfo Zepeda², Hao Zhou³⁶

The HAWC awards

These awards, were created in memory of Stefan Westerhoff, Gaurang Yodh and Arnulfo Zepeda, to celebrate and recognize important contributions to the success of HAWC. They recognize contributions that have had a strong impact on HAWC operations, performance, data analysis and science interpretation.

Award from October 2024, Temple University

Kristi Lynne Engel (Arnulfo Zepeda award)

Kristi has played a key role in HAWC operations, especially as an expert in remotely troubleshooting the experiment, mentoring new shift experts, and even expanding and rewriting the shift manual. She’s characterized and tested numerous PMTs, bringing critical insights to our detector’s performance. Beyond her remarkable operational support, Kristi’s scientific work spans GRBs and primordial black hole searches.

Award from April 2024, CDMX, Mexico

Dezhi Huang (Stefan Westerhoff award)

Dezhi has been active in contributing to the Pass 5 and 6 HAWC pipeline and calibration, extending the Neural Net energy estimator, and generating HAWC simulations. He initiated new-user documentation and helps colleagues by answering many analysis questions. He was a primary author in the analysis of HAWC J1925-134 at high energy, and also of LS5039.

Award from November 2023, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico

Manuel Odilón de Rosas Sandoval (Gaurang Yodh award)

Manuel exhibited exceptional expertise, professionalism, and unwavering dedication as a key member of the HAWC operations team. Manuel had an extraordinary ability to diagnose and resolve intricate challenges, collaborated seamlessly and willingly shouldered new responsibilities as the need arose. His contributions were indispensable in ensuring the smooth and efficient functioning of the HAWC observatory. In recognition of his exceptional contributions to the HAWC Observatory.

Award from May 2023, Puebla, Mexico

Hugo Alberto Ayala Solares (Arnulfo Zepeda award)

For his exceptional contributions to HAWC. He pioneered a NKG-based core reconstruction and developed hit selection for outriggers; contributed to installation the laser calibration system; his systematic studies improved background estimation algorithms and calibration system performance; he also distributes timely online HAWC transient alerts, served as Multiwavelength and as Science coordinator, and consistently lends a hand to HAWC collaborators at all levels. He led analyses of the Northern Fermi Bubble and of Giant Molecular Clouds.

Award from October 2022, hybrid meeting

Hao Zhou (Stefan Westerhoff award)

For his development of the first HAWC laser timing and charge calibration, service and leadership as the galactic analysis coordinator and then as reconstruction algorithm coordinator, developing the first HAWC source catalog; and analysis of the Geminga and Monogem PWNs with a diffusion model leading to discovery of TeV halos with low diffusion constant.

Awards from May 2022, hybrid meeting

Kelly Malone (Stefan Westerhoff award)

For her development of a new robust energy estimator based on the shower lateral distribution, which significantly improved HAWC energy resolution; her efforts on measuring and characterizing HAWC phototubes; and her leadership in the analysis of the newly-identified high energy sources and their spectra.

Israel Martínez Castellanos (Gaurang Yodh award)

For his strong participation in many software developments including the ZEBRA software, online software, automated reporting of searching for transient sources; and leading analysis ``bootcamps'' enabling broader contributions to HAWC analysis from across the collaboration.

Samuel Marinelli (Arnulfo Zepeda award)

For his pioneering development of a neural-net based energy estimator combining many shower characteristics, which significantly improved HAWC energy resolution; his contributions to online remote monitoring and operations of HAWC; and his analysis of photons above 100 TeV in energy, including limits on violation of Lorentz invariance.

HAWC diversity statement

The HAWC Collaboration believes that both science and society are strengthened when we bring together people with the broadest spectrum of backgrounds and experiences. We support the professional development and scientific growth of all collaboration members, regardless of characteristics such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, gender identity or expression, economic status, country of origin, or religion. We recognize that those who belong to underrepresented groups experience barriers to fully participating in science. Despite our stated commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion in our research activities, we recognize that we must do significantly more to bring change to our collaboration, our institutions, our countries and society as a whole. We must work to remove barriers that prevent underrepresented groups from gaining access to academic and scientific pursuits and institutions, and we recognize that this begins with fully and actively supporting basic human rights for all people. Locally, we celebrate achievements made by those who are already here and aim to actively work on issues such as recruitment, retention, and mentoring of people belonging to these groups in order to allow everyone to reach their full potential. As members of the HAWC Collaboration, we recognize that we are privileged in our positions as scientists and have a responsibility to speak out against discrimination and oppression in all its forms and to demand justice.

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support from: the US National Science Foundation (NSF); the US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics; the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\'ia (CONACyT), M\'exico, grants 271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1-S-22784, c\'atedras 873, 1563, 341, 323, Red HAWC, M\'exico; DGAPA-UNAM grants IG101320, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN110621, IN110521; VIEP-BUAP; PIFI 2012, 2013, PROFOCIE 2014, 2015; the University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; the Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, and Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Polish Science Centre grant, DEC-2017/27/B/ST9/02272; Coordinaci\'on de la Investigaci\'on Cient\'ifica de la Universidad Michoacana; Royal Society - Newton Advanced Fellowship 180385; Generalitat Valenciana, grant CIDEGENT/2018/034; Chulalongkorn University’s CUniverse (CUAASC) grant; Coordinaci\'on General Acad\'emica e Innovaci\'on (CGAI-UdeG), PRODEP-SEP UDG-CA-499; Institute of Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo, H.F. acknowledges support by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. We also acknowledge the significant contributions over many years of Stefan Westerhoff, Gaurang Yodh and Arnulfo Zepeda Dominguez, all deceased members of the HAWC collaboration. Thanks to Scott Delay, Luciano D\'iaz and Eduardo Murrieta for technical support.